![]() ![]() The CK2 kinase is constitutively active and its basal catalytic activity is not influenced by any external stimuli. In cells, the subunits can exist individually or as the holoenzyme. The regulatory subunits mediate interactions between the catalytic subunits and many of its substrates. ![]() The CK2 holoenzyme is a tetrameric complex comprising two regulatory β-subunits and two catalytic subunits ( Niefind,2001). CK2 is the most pleiotropic serine/threonine kinase constitutively active in all eukaryotic tissues and resides in various cellular compartments but particularly the nucleus and the cytosol. The casein kinases (CK) belong to the serine/threonine kinases and are subdivided further into either casein kinase 1 (CK1) or casein kinase 2 (CK2) families due to their high homology in their catalytic domains. ![]()
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